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Hacktivism
Hacktivism or hactivism (a portmanteau of ''hack'' and ''activism'') is the subversive use of computers and computer networks to promote a political agenda. With roots in hacker culture and hacker ethics, its ends are often related to the free speech, human rights, or freedom of information.
The term was coined in 1994 by a Cult of the Dead Cow (cDc) member known as "Omega" in an e-mail to the group.〔("Old-time hacktivists: Anonymous, you've crossed the line" )." ''CNet News'', March 30, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2012.〕 Due to the variety of meanings of its root words, hacktivism is sometimes ambiguous and there exists significant disagreement over the kinds of activities and purposes it encompasses. Some definitions include acts of cyberterrorism while others simply reaffirm the use of technological hacking to affect social change.〔Peter Ludlow ("What is a 'Hacktivist'?" ) The New York Times. January 2013.〕
==Overview==
Hacktivist activities span many political ideals and issues. Freenet is a prime example of translating political thought (anyone should be able to speak) into code.
"Hacktivism" is a controversial term with several meanings. The word was coined to characterize electronic direct action as working toward social change by combining programming skills with critical thinking. But just as ''hack'' can sometimes mean cyber crime, ''hacktivism'' can be used to mean activism that is malicious, destructive, and undermining the security of the Internet as a technical, economic, and political platform.〔Peter Krapp, ("Noise Channels: Glitch and Error in Digital Culture" ). University of Minnesota Press 2011.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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